There’s nothing like a big lick from your dog and discovering their breath absolutely stinks. It may not just be something they’ve eaten, but signs something isn’t right with their gums, teeth or oral hygiene.
Dental disease is unfortunately very common in both dogs and cats. It tends to build up slowly, often without obvious signs or pain at first. By the time your pet shows clear discomfort, the problem is usually well established. But there are things you can do to help prevent bad dog breath and dental disease, including when to go to the vet.
What causes dog bad breath?
Just like people, dog bad breath is most commonly caused by bacteria in the mouth. These bacteria live in plaque, which is a sticky film that builds up on the teeth and along the gumline.
Over time, plaque hardens into tartar. As this happens, the bacteria multiples and releases a strong, unpleasant smell. The odour becomes worse as the inflammation and infection develops below the gum.
Stinky dog breath can also be caused by:
- Dental disease and gum infection.
- Broken or infected teeth.
- Food trapped between teeth.
- Underlying health conditions affecting the mouth.
Dental chews and breath fresheners may reduce the smell temporarily, but they don’t remove plaque or treat infection.
Top 5 Signs of Dog Gum Disease
Aside from bad breath, you may not always immediately notice the signs of dog gum disease if you aren’t aware what to look for. These are some of the more common signs, but annual pet checkups are the best way to help stay on top of any problems you may not notice.
1. Persistent bad breath.
A strong, ongoing smell from your dog’s mouth is one of the earliest signs of dental disease.
2. Red, swollen or bleeding gums.
Healthy dog gums should be pink and firm. Any redness or bleeding is a sign of inflammation, and gum disease, and should be checked by a vet.
3. Changes in eating.
Like you, when dogs experience pain or discomfort in their mouth, they may eat more slowly, start to drop their food or avoid harder foods without fully stopping eating.
4. Pawing at the mouth of face.
If your dog is pawing at their mouth or face, it could be a sign of irritation or discomfort. Try and look in their mouth for any other signs of dog gum disease.
5. Loose or missing teeth.
Even as they age, dogs shouldn’t have loose or falling out teeth. This can be a sign of more advanced dental disease that should be looked at by a vet as soon as possible.
Stages of Periodontal Disease in Dogs
Like in people, periodontal disease in dogs develops in stages.
Stage 1: Gingivitis.
Gingivitis in dogs affects the gums only. They can start to look red and inflamed, but the deeper structures are still healthy. This stage is often reversible with professional cleaning and good home care.
Stage 2: Early periodontal disease.
Plaque and bacteria begin to damage the tissue supporting the teeth in the early stages of periodontal disease. This is when the gum recession may start and tartar is usually visible.
Stage 3: Moderate periodontal disease.
In more advanced stages of periodontal disease, your dog will develop more significant bone loss, infection and tooth loss. Their pain may be more ongoing and treatment can be more complex.
